{"id":1978,"date":"2024-07-21T02:21:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T02:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978"},"modified":"2024-08-02T09:23:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T09:23:07","slug":"krakova-polu-nostalgijas-pilseta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978","title":{"rendered":"Krakova –\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Krakova - po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Edmunds Im\u0161a – R\u012bgas Balss<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Ja Krakova b\u016btu j\u0101raksturo vien\u0101 teikum\u0101, es sac\u012btu, ka t\u0101 ir klusa un burv\u012bga po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta, kur\u0101 atrodas viena no slaven\u0101kaj\u0101m Leonardo da Vin\u010di glezn\u0101m \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb. \u0160\u0101ds teikums par Krakovu, protams, var ien\u0101kt pr\u0101t\u0101 tikai \u0101rzemniekam.<\/p>

Lai piedod man po\u013ci, kuri noteikti uzskata, ka Krakova ir Polijas \u0161\u016bpulis, galva un sirdsapzi\u0146a. K\u0101 nu ne – Krakova ir bijusi galvaspils\u0113ta l\u012bdz 16. gadsimta beig\u0101m, tie\u0161i taj\u0101 laik\u0101, kad Polija uzplauka un k\u013cuva par varenu lielvalsti. Po\u013cu karav\u012bri 17. gadsimt\u0101 sasita lupat\u0101s turkus, kuri k\u0101rt\u0113jo reizi milzu karap\u016b\u013cos dev\u0101s iekarot un izlaup\u012bt Eiropu, vair\u0101kk\u0101rt nopietni sak\u0101va v\u0101cu ordeni, kur\u0161 par labu Polijai atsac\u012bj\u0101s no Livonijas. Te nu ar\u012b Latvijas liktenis, jo Latvijas teritorija bija Livonijas sast\u0101vda\u013ca.<\/p>

Polijas v\u0113sture ir patie\u0161\u0101m varon\u012bga un apbr\u012bnas v\u0113rta. P\u0113d\u0113jo un iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgo reizi Polija gl\u0101ba Eiropu 1920. gad\u0101, sakaujot Sarkano armiju, kas lauz\u0101s uz Var\u0161avu, un pagl\u0101ba Eiropu no komunisma murgain\u0101 eksperimenta. Bet v\u0113sture ir tas, kas ir bijis, jo tagad, v\u0113rojot Poliju, \u0161\u0137iet, ka po\u013ci atdusas uz pag\u0101tnes lauriem un vi\u0146iem \u00abviss jau ir pag\u0101jis\u00bb, atst\u0101jot tikai atmi\u0146as par k\u0101dreiz\u0113jo lielvalsti un lielas n\u0101cijas apzi\u0146u. \u00abBr\u012bvlai\u0161anu\u00bb no padomijas po\u013ci ir ieguvu\u0161i sal\u012bdzino\u0161i nesen, ta\u010du vi\u0146u ieguld\u012bjums padomju bloka sagr\u0101v\u0113 ir nenoliedzams, atceroties kaut vai \u00abSolidarit\u0101ti\u00bb un nebeidzamo dumpo\u0161anos, ko sekm\u0113ja komunismam sve\u0161\u0101s kato\u013cu bazn\u012bcas trad\u012bcijas. Tagad po\u013ci ir br\u012bvi, tom\u0113r valst\u012b ir daudz probl\u0113mu. N\u0101kotnes dal\u012bba transatlantiskaj\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s \u0161\u0137iet daudzsolo\u0161a, ta\u010du maci\u0146\u0101 naudas t\u0101p\u0113c vair\u0101k nerodas. Pastaig\u0101jot pa iel\u0101m, p\u0101r\u0146em saj\u016bta, ka po\u013ciem piem\u012bt neliels mazv\u0113rt\u012bbas komplekss. Tom\u0113r apkalpo\u0161anas kult\u016bra pre\u010du un naudas attiec\u012bb\u0101s, lai gan pagausa, tom\u0113r ir piekl\u0101j\u012bga un neuzb\u0101z\u012bga. To pa\u0161u var teikt ar\u012b par attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp cilv\u0113kiem – vai varat iedom\u0101ties situ\u0101ciju R\u012bg\u0101, kad tramvajs apst\u0101jas pie g\u0101j\u0113ju p\u0101rejas, lai dotu ce\u013cu da\u017eiem d\u012bkdien\u012bgiem t\u016bristiem? Nevarat? Bet Krakov\u0101 t\u0101 ir realit\u0101te. Un vakaros, pastaig\u0101joties pa pils\u0113tu, p\u0101r\u0146em d\u012bvaina dro\u0161\u012bbas saj\u016bta – glu\u017ei k\u0101 Rietumeirop\u0101, kur cilv\u0113ki, klai\u0146odami \u0161urpu turpu, neraiz\u0113jas par to, ka aiz k\u0101da st\u016bra dab\u016bs pa degunu, iesp\u0113jams, ar personisk\u0101s mantas konfisk\u0101ciju.<\/p>

\u00a0Krakovai ir bag\u0101ta un slavena pag\u0101tne. Le\u0123endas st\u0101sta par pils\u0113tas dibin\u0101t\u0101ju karali Kraku, vi\u0146a br\u012bnumskaisto meitu Vandu, kas nav v\u0113l\u0113jusies prec\u0113ties ar v\u0101cu princi un n\u0101vi upes \u016bde\u0146os uzskat\u012bjusi par lab\u0101ku esam. Viduslaikos Krakova bijusi Kazimira Liel\u0101 un Jagelo\u0146u dinastijas s\u0113deklis, no \u0161ejienes kara\u013ci \u00abdiri\u0123\u0113ju\u0161i\u00bb bezmaz pusi Eiropas, un vi\u0146u laik\u0101 br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgi uzplaukusi viduslaiku arhitekt\u016bra. Grandiozi, smalki un gaum\u012bgi arhitekt\u016bras pieminek\u013ci Krakov\u0101 ir teju uz katra st\u016bra. Tos projekt\u0113ju\u0161i Fran\u010desko Florent\u012bno, Bartolomeo Bere\u010di, \u017dans Marija Padovano, bet v\u0113l\u0101k, 16. gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113, Santi Gu\u010di. Visskaist\u0101k\u0101 baroka celtne Rietumeirop\u0101 Sigismunda kapela atrodas tie\u0161i Krakovas pils\u0113tas cietoksn\u012b.<\/p>

P\u0113c 1569. gada, kad izveidoj\u0101s Polijas un Lietuvas valstu apvien\u012bba, Krakovas uzplaukums pamaz\u0101m aps\u012bka. Palielin\u0101j\u0101s centra pils\u0113tas – Var\u0161avas loma, un karalis Sigismunds III (1587 – 1632) nol\u0113ma p\u0101rvietot Polijas galvaspils\u0113tu tur, kur t\u0101 atrodas v\u0113l \u0161obaltdien. Tom\u0113r Krakovas cietoksn\u012b joproj\u0101m norisin\u0101j\u0101s pompozas kara\u013cu kron\u0113\u0161anas ceremonijas. Mazliet v\u0113l\u0101k, p\u0113c uzplaukuma ieelpas, sekoja izelpa un pagrimums: Polija bija p\u0101r\u0101k nov\u0101jin\u0101ta, iesaistoties c\u012b\u0146\u0101s par Livonijas mantojumu. 1655. gad\u0101 Krakovu pirmoreiz izlaup\u012bja \u0101rzemju karasp\u0113ks. Tie bija zviedri. V\u0113l\u0101k pils\u0113t\u0101 iebruku\u0161i ar\u012b austrie\u0161i, pr\u016b\u0161i un krievi. 1795. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Polijas k\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s sadales un p\u0101rdales Krakova un t\u0101s apk\u0101rtne k\u013cuva par Austrijas sast\u0101vda\u013cu.<\/p>

Po\u013ci, kas viduslaikos lepoj\u0101s ar neuzvaramu karasp\u0113ku, izmis\u012bgi pretoj\u0101s neizb\u0113gamajam – valsts izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anai. Tadeu\u0161s Kostju\u0161ko Krakovas tirgus laukum\u0101 s\u0101ka savu slaveno sacel\u0161anos, kuru apkaroja ne maz\u0101k slavenais karavadonis Suvorovs, nosl\u012bcinot asin\u012bs Poliju. J\u0101teic, ka Polij\u0101 cilv\u0113ki \u013coti, \u013coti nelabpr\u0101t run\u0101 krieviski. P\u0101r\u0101k daudz \u013cauna Krievija nodar\u012bjusi Polijai gadsimtu gait\u0101, piedaloties t\u0101s teritorijas sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un cen\u0161oties p\u0101rkrievot iedz\u012bvot\u0101jus. Tagad jaunie krakovie\u0161i angliski un v\u0101ciski cen\u0161as run\u0101t, lai izmantotu s\u016bri gr\u016bti kr\u0101t\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas, tom\u0113r labas sve\u0161valodu zin\u0101\u0161anas Polij\u0101 bie\u017ei nesastapsiet. Vislab\u0101k \u0101rzemniekam ir apg\u016bt da\u017eus v\u0101rdus poliski. \u0160o valodu po\u013ci tom\u0113r saprot vislab\u0101k.<\/p>

Universit\u0101te Krakov\u0101 dibin\u0101ta jau 1340. gad\u0101. Taj\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bju\u0161ies daudzi slaveni zin\u0101tnieki, pa\u0161u Nikolaju Koperniku ieskaitot. M\u016bsdien\u0101s Krakovas intelektu\u0101\u013cu aprind\u0101s, b\u016bdams kato\u013cu b\u012bskaps un v\u0113l\u0101k kardin\u0101ls, uztur\u0113jies Karols Vojtila, kur\u0161 likte\u0146a gait\u0101 k\u013cuva par Romas p\u0101vestu J\u0101ni P\u0101vilu II. \u0160eit dz\u012bvojis un str\u0101d\u0101jis ar\u012b Sta\u0146islavs Lems, Krakovas kult\u016bras \u0161\u016bpul\u012b skolojies K\u0161i\u0161tofs Pendereckis.<\/p>

J\u0101, gandr\u012bz piemirsu. Da Vin\u010di \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb atrodas \u010cartorijsku muzej\u0101, un str\u012bdiem par gleznas identit\u0101ti punktu pieliku\u0161i amerik\u0101\u0146i 1992. gad\u0101, atrodot uz audekla Leonardo da Vin\u010di pirkstu nospiedumus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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– 2000.09.05<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Krakova – po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta Edmunds Im\u0161a – R\u012bgas Balss Ja Krakova b\u016btu j\u0101raksturo vien\u0101 teikum\u0101, es sac\u012btu, ka t\u0101 ir klusa un burv\u012bga po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta, kur\u0101 atrodas viena no slaven\u0101kaj\u0101m Leonardo da Vin\u010di glezn\u0101m \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb. \u0160\u0101ds teikums par Krakovu, protams, var ien\u0101kt pr\u0101t\u0101 tikai \u0101rzemniekam. Lai piedod man po\u013ci, kuri noteikti uzskata, ka Krakova ir Polijas \u0161\u016bpulis, galva un sirdsapzi\u0146a. K\u0101 nu ne – Krakova ir bijusi galvaspils\u0113ta l\u012bdz 16. gadsimta beig\u0101m, tie\u0161i taj\u0101 laik\u0101, kad Polija uzplauka un k\u013cuva par varenu lielvalsti. Po\u013cu karav\u012bri 17. gadsimt\u0101 sasita lupat\u0101s turkus, kuri k\u0101rt\u0113jo reizi milzu karap\u016b\u013cos dev\u0101s iekarot un izlaup\u012bt Eiropu, vair\u0101kk\u0101rt nopietni sak\u0101va v\u0101cu ordeni, kur\u0161 par labu Polijai atsac\u012bj\u0101s no Livonijas. Te nu ar\u012b Latvijas liktenis, jo Latvijas teritorija bija Livonijas sast\u0101vda\u013ca. Polijas v\u0113sture ir patie\u0161\u0101m varon\u012bga un apbr\u012bnas v\u0113rta. P\u0113d\u0113jo un iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgo reizi Polija gl\u0101ba Eiropu 1920. gad\u0101, sakaujot Sarkano armiju, kas lauz\u0101s uz Var\u0161avu, un pagl\u0101ba Eiropu no komunisma murgain\u0101 eksperimenta. Bet v\u0113sture ir tas, kas ir bijis, jo tagad, v\u0113rojot Poliju, \u0161\u0137iet, ka po\u013ci atdusas uz pag\u0101tnes lauriem un vi\u0146iem \u00abviss jau ir pag\u0101jis\u00bb, atst\u0101jot tikai atmi\u0146as par k\u0101dreiz\u0113jo lielvalsti un lielas n\u0101cijas apzi\u0146u. \u00abBr\u012bvlai\u0161anu\u00bb no padomijas po\u013ci ir ieguvu\u0161i sal\u012bdzino\u0161i nesen, ta\u010du vi\u0146u ieguld\u012bjums padomju bloka sagr\u0101v\u0113 ir nenoliedzams, atceroties kaut vai \u00abSolidarit\u0101ti\u00bb un nebeidzamo dumpo\u0161anos, ko sekm\u0113ja komunismam sve\u0161\u0101s kato\u013cu bazn\u012bcas trad\u012bcijas. Tagad po\u013ci ir br\u012bvi, tom\u0113r valst\u012b ir daudz probl\u0113mu. N\u0101kotnes dal\u012bba transatlantiskaj\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s \u0161\u0137iet daudzsolo\u0161a, ta\u010du maci\u0146\u0101 naudas t\u0101p\u0113c vair\u0101k nerodas. Pastaig\u0101jot pa iel\u0101m, p\u0101r\u0146em saj\u016bta, ka po\u013ciem piem\u012bt neliels mazv\u0113rt\u012bbas komplekss. Tom\u0113r apkalpo\u0161anas kult\u016bra pre\u010du un naudas attiec\u012bb\u0101s, lai gan pagausa, tom\u0113r ir piekl\u0101j\u012bga un neuzb\u0101z\u012bga. To pa\u0161u var teikt ar\u012b par attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp cilv\u0113kiem – vai varat iedom\u0101ties situ\u0101ciju R\u012bg\u0101, kad tramvajs apst\u0101jas pie g\u0101j\u0113ju p\u0101rejas, lai dotu ce\u013cu da\u017eiem d\u012bkdien\u012bgiem t\u016bristiem? Nevarat? Bet Krakov\u0101 t\u0101 ir realit\u0101te. Un vakaros, pastaig\u0101joties pa pils\u0113tu, p\u0101r\u0146em d\u012bvaina dro\u0161\u012bbas saj\u016bta – glu\u017ei k\u0101 Rietumeirop\u0101, kur cilv\u0113ki, klai\u0146odami \u0161urpu turpu, neraiz\u0113jas par to, ka aiz k\u0101da st\u016bra dab\u016bs pa degunu, iesp\u0113jams, ar personisk\u0101s mantas konfisk\u0101ciju. \u00a0Krakovai ir bag\u0101ta un slavena pag\u0101tne. Le\u0123endas st\u0101sta par pils\u0113tas dibin\u0101t\u0101ju karali Kraku, vi\u0146a br\u012bnumskaisto meitu Vandu, kas nav v\u0113l\u0113jusies prec\u0113ties ar v\u0101cu princi un n\u0101vi upes \u016bde\u0146os uzskat\u012bjusi par lab\u0101ku esam. Viduslaikos Krakova bijusi Kazimira Liel\u0101 un Jagelo\u0146u dinastijas s\u0113deklis, no \u0161ejienes kara\u013ci \u00abdiri\u0123\u0113ju\u0161i\u00bb bezmaz pusi Eiropas, un vi\u0146u laik\u0101 br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgi uzplaukusi viduslaiku arhitekt\u016bra. Grandiozi, smalki un gaum\u012bgi arhitekt\u016bras pieminek\u013ci Krakov\u0101 ir teju uz katra st\u016bra. Tos projekt\u0113ju\u0161i Fran\u010desko Florent\u012bno, Bartolomeo Bere\u010di, \u017dans Marija Padovano, bet v\u0113l\u0101k, 16. gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113, Santi Gu\u010di. Visskaist\u0101k\u0101 baroka celtne Rietumeirop\u0101 Sigismunda kapela atrodas tie\u0161i Krakovas pils\u0113tas cietoksn\u012b. P\u0113c 1569. gada, kad izveidoj\u0101s Polijas un Lietuvas valstu apvien\u012bba, Krakovas uzplaukums pamaz\u0101m aps\u012bka. Palielin\u0101j\u0101s centra pils\u0113tas – Var\u0161avas loma, un karalis Sigismunds III (1587 – 1632) nol\u0113ma p\u0101rvietot Polijas galvaspils\u0113tu tur, kur t\u0101 atrodas v\u0113l \u0161obaltdien. Tom\u0113r Krakovas cietoksn\u012b joproj\u0101m norisin\u0101j\u0101s pompozas kara\u013cu kron\u0113\u0161anas ceremonijas. Mazliet v\u0113l\u0101k, p\u0113c uzplaukuma ieelpas, sekoja izelpa un pagrimums: Polija bija p\u0101r\u0101k nov\u0101jin\u0101ta, iesaistoties c\u012b\u0146\u0101s par Livonijas mantojumu. 1655. gad\u0101 Krakovu pirmoreiz izlaup\u012bja \u0101rzemju karasp\u0113ks. Tie bija zviedri. V\u0113l\u0101k pils\u0113t\u0101 iebruku\u0161i ar\u012b austrie\u0161i, pr\u016b\u0161i un krievi. 1795. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Polijas k\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s sadales un p\u0101rdales Krakova un t\u0101s apk\u0101rtne k\u013cuva par Austrijas sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Po\u013ci, kas viduslaikos lepoj\u0101s ar neuzvaramu karasp\u0113ku, izmis\u012bgi pretoj\u0101s neizb\u0113gamajam – valsts izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anai. Tadeu\u0161s Kostju\u0161ko Krakovas tirgus laukum\u0101 s\u0101ka savu slaveno sacel\u0161anos, kuru apkaroja ne maz\u0101k slavenais karavadonis Suvorovs, nosl\u012bcinot asin\u012bs Poliju. J\u0101teic, ka Polij\u0101 cilv\u0113ki \u013coti, \u013coti nelabpr\u0101t run\u0101 krieviski. P\u0101r\u0101k daudz \u013cauna Krievija nodar\u012bjusi Polijai gadsimtu gait\u0101, piedaloties t\u0101s teritorijas sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un cen\u0161oties p\u0101rkrievot iedz\u012bvot\u0101jus. Tagad jaunie krakovie\u0161i angliski un v\u0101ciski cen\u0161as run\u0101t, lai izmantotu s\u016bri gr\u016bti kr\u0101t\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas, tom\u0113r labas sve\u0161valodu zin\u0101\u0161anas Polij\u0101 bie\u017ei nesastapsiet. Vislab\u0101k \u0101rzemniekam ir apg\u016bt da\u017eus v\u0101rdus poliski. \u0160o valodu po\u013ci tom\u0113r saprot vislab\u0101k. Universit\u0101te Krakov\u0101 dibin\u0101ta jau 1340. gad\u0101. Taj\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bju\u0161ies daudzi slaveni zin\u0101tnieki, pa\u0161u Nikolaju Koperniku ieskaitot. M\u016bsdien\u0101s Krakovas intelektu\u0101\u013cu aprind\u0101s, b\u016bdams kato\u013cu b\u012bskaps un v\u0113l\u0101k kardin\u0101ls, uztur\u0113jies Karols Vojtila, kur\u0161 likte\u0146a gait\u0101 k\u013cuva par Romas p\u0101vestu J\u0101ni P\u0101vilu II. \u0160eit dz\u012bvojis un str\u0101d\u0101jis ar\u012b Sta\u0146islavs Lems, Krakovas kult\u016bras \u0161\u016bpul\u012b skolojies K\u0161i\u0161tofs Pendereckis. J\u0101, gandr\u012bz piemirsu. Da Vin\u010di \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb atrodas \u010cartorijsku muzej\u0101, un str\u012bdiem par gleznas identit\u0101ti punktu pieliku\u0161i amerik\u0101\u0146i 1992. gad\u0101, atrodot uz audekla Leonardo da Vin\u010di pirkstu nospiedumus. – 2000.09.05<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-es"],"yoast_head":"\nKrakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Krakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Krakova – po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta Edmunds Im\u0161a – R\u012bgas Balss Ja Krakova b\u016btu j\u0101raksturo vien\u0101 teikum\u0101, es sac\u012btu, ka t\u0101 ir klusa un burv\u012bga po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta, kur\u0101 atrodas viena no slaven\u0101kaj\u0101m Leonardo da Vin\u010di glezn\u0101m \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb. \u0160\u0101ds teikums par Krakovu, protams, var ien\u0101kt pr\u0101t\u0101 tikai \u0101rzemniekam. Lai piedod man po\u013ci, kuri noteikti uzskata, ka Krakova ir Polijas \u0161\u016bpulis, galva un sirdsapzi\u0146a. K\u0101 nu ne – Krakova ir bijusi galvaspils\u0113ta l\u012bdz 16. gadsimta beig\u0101m, tie\u0161i taj\u0101 laik\u0101, kad Polija uzplauka un k\u013cuva par varenu lielvalsti. Po\u013cu karav\u012bri 17. gadsimt\u0101 sasita lupat\u0101s turkus, kuri k\u0101rt\u0113jo reizi milzu karap\u016b\u013cos dev\u0101s iekarot un izlaup\u012bt Eiropu, vair\u0101kk\u0101rt nopietni sak\u0101va v\u0101cu ordeni, kur\u0161 par labu Polijai atsac\u012bj\u0101s no Livonijas. Te nu ar\u012b Latvijas liktenis, jo Latvijas teritorija bija Livonijas sast\u0101vda\u013ca. Polijas v\u0113sture ir patie\u0161\u0101m varon\u012bga un apbr\u012bnas v\u0113rta. P\u0113d\u0113jo un iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgo reizi Polija gl\u0101ba Eiropu 1920. gad\u0101, sakaujot Sarkano armiju, kas lauz\u0101s uz Var\u0161avu, un pagl\u0101ba Eiropu no komunisma murgain\u0101 eksperimenta. Bet v\u0113sture ir tas, kas ir bijis, jo tagad, v\u0113rojot Poliju, \u0161\u0137iet, ka po\u013ci atdusas uz pag\u0101tnes lauriem un vi\u0146iem \u00abviss jau ir pag\u0101jis\u00bb, atst\u0101jot tikai atmi\u0146as par k\u0101dreiz\u0113jo lielvalsti un lielas n\u0101cijas apzi\u0146u. \u00abBr\u012bvlai\u0161anu\u00bb no padomijas po\u013ci ir ieguvu\u0161i sal\u012bdzino\u0161i nesen, ta\u010du vi\u0146u ieguld\u012bjums padomju bloka sagr\u0101v\u0113 ir nenoliedzams, atceroties kaut vai \u00abSolidarit\u0101ti\u00bb un nebeidzamo dumpo\u0161anos, ko sekm\u0113ja komunismam sve\u0161\u0101s kato\u013cu bazn\u012bcas trad\u012bcijas. Tagad po\u013ci ir br\u012bvi, tom\u0113r valst\u012b ir daudz probl\u0113mu. N\u0101kotnes dal\u012bba transatlantiskaj\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s \u0161\u0137iet daudzsolo\u0161a, ta\u010du maci\u0146\u0101 naudas t\u0101p\u0113c vair\u0101k nerodas. Pastaig\u0101jot pa iel\u0101m, p\u0101r\u0146em saj\u016bta, ka po\u013ciem piem\u012bt neliels mazv\u0113rt\u012bbas komplekss. Tom\u0113r apkalpo\u0161anas kult\u016bra pre\u010du un naudas attiec\u012bb\u0101s, lai gan pagausa, tom\u0113r ir piekl\u0101j\u012bga un neuzb\u0101z\u012bga. To pa\u0161u var teikt ar\u012b par attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp cilv\u0113kiem – vai varat iedom\u0101ties situ\u0101ciju R\u012bg\u0101, kad tramvajs apst\u0101jas pie g\u0101j\u0113ju p\u0101rejas, lai dotu ce\u013cu da\u017eiem d\u012bkdien\u012bgiem t\u016bristiem? Nevarat? Bet Krakov\u0101 t\u0101 ir realit\u0101te. Un vakaros, pastaig\u0101joties pa pils\u0113tu, p\u0101r\u0146em d\u012bvaina dro\u0161\u012bbas saj\u016bta – glu\u017ei k\u0101 Rietumeirop\u0101, kur cilv\u0113ki, klai\u0146odami \u0161urpu turpu, neraiz\u0113jas par to, ka aiz k\u0101da st\u016bra dab\u016bs pa degunu, iesp\u0113jams, ar personisk\u0101s mantas konfisk\u0101ciju. \u00a0Krakovai ir bag\u0101ta un slavena pag\u0101tne. Le\u0123endas st\u0101sta par pils\u0113tas dibin\u0101t\u0101ju karali Kraku, vi\u0146a br\u012bnumskaisto meitu Vandu, kas nav v\u0113l\u0113jusies prec\u0113ties ar v\u0101cu princi un n\u0101vi upes \u016bde\u0146os uzskat\u012bjusi par lab\u0101ku esam. Viduslaikos Krakova bijusi Kazimira Liel\u0101 un Jagelo\u0146u dinastijas s\u0113deklis, no \u0161ejienes kara\u013ci \u00abdiri\u0123\u0113ju\u0161i\u00bb bezmaz pusi Eiropas, un vi\u0146u laik\u0101 br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgi uzplaukusi viduslaiku arhitekt\u016bra. Grandiozi, smalki un gaum\u012bgi arhitekt\u016bras pieminek\u013ci Krakov\u0101 ir teju uz katra st\u016bra. Tos projekt\u0113ju\u0161i Fran\u010desko Florent\u012bno, Bartolomeo Bere\u010di, \u017dans Marija Padovano, bet v\u0113l\u0101k, 16. gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113, Santi Gu\u010di. Visskaist\u0101k\u0101 baroka celtne Rietumeirop\u0101 Sigismunda kapela atrodas tie\u0161i Krakovas pils\u0113tas cietoksn\u012b. P\u0113c 1569. gada, kad izveidoj\u0101s Polijas un Lietuvas valstu apvien\u012bba, Krakovas uzplaukums pamaz\u0101m aps\u012bka. Palielin\u0101j\u0101s centra pils\u0113tas – Var\u0161avas loma, un karalis Sigismunds III (1587 – 1632) nol\u0113ma p\u0101rvietot Polijas galvaspils\u0113tu tur, kur t\u0101 atrodas v\u0113l \u0161obaltdien. Tom\u0113r Krakovas cietoksn\u012b joproj\u0101m norisin\u0101j\u0101s pompozas kara\u013cu kron\u0113\u0161anas ceremonijas. Mazliet v\u0113l\u0101k, p\u0113c uzplaukuma ieelpas, sekoja izelpa un pagrimums: Polija bija p\u0101r\u0101k nov\u0101jin\u0101ta, iesaistoties c\u012b\u0146\u0101s par Livonijas mantojumu. 1655. gad\u0101 Krakovu pirmoreiz izlaup\u012bja \u0101rzemju karasp\u0113ks. Tie bija zviedri. V\u0113l\u0101k pils\u0113t\u0101 iebruku\u0161i ar\u012b austrie\u0161i, pr\u016b\u0161i un krievi. 1795. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Polijas k\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s sadales un p\u0101rdales Krakova un t\u0101s apk\u0101rtne k\u013cuva par Austrijas sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Po\u013ci, kas viduslaikos lepoj\u0101s ar neuzvaramu karasp\u0113ku, izmis\u012bgi pretoj\u0101s neizb\u0113gamajam – valsts izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anai. Tadeu\u0161s Kostju\u0161ko Krakovas tirgus laukum\u0101 s\u0101ka savu slaveno sacel\u0161anos, kuru apkaroja ne maz\u0101k slavenais karavadonis Suvorovs, nosl\u012bcinot asin\u012bs Poliju. J\u0101teic, ka Polij\u0101 cilv\u0113ki \u013coti, \u013coti nelabpr\u0101t run\u0101 krieviski. P\u0101r\u0101k daudz \u013cauna Krievija nodar\u012bjusi Polijai gadsimtu gait\u0101, piedaloties t\u0101s teritorijas sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un cen\u0161oties p\u0101rkrievot iedz\u012bvot\u0101jus. Tagad jaunie krakovie\u0161i angliski un v\u0101ciski cen\u0161as run\u0101t, lai izmantotu s\u016bri gr\u016bti kr\u0101t\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas, tom\u0113r labas sve\u0161valodu zin\u0101\u0161anas Polij\u0101 bie\u017ei nesastapsiet. Vislab\u0101k \u0101rzemniekam ir apg\u016bt da\u017eus v\u0101rdus poliski. \u0160o valodu po\u013ci tom\u0113r saprot vislab\u0101k. Universit\u0101te Krakov\u0101 dibin\u0101ta jau 1340. gad\u0101. Taj\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bju\u0161ies daudzi slaveni zin\u0101tnieki, pa\u0161u Nikolaju Koperniku ieskaitot. M\u016bsdien\u0101s Krakovas intelektu\u0101\u013cu aprind\u0101s, b\u016bdams kato\u013cu b\u012bskaps un v\u0113l\u0101k kardin\u0101ls, uztur\u0113jies Karols Vojtila, kur\u0161 likte\u0146a gait\u0101 k\u013cuva par Romas p\u0101vestu J\u0101ni P\u0101vilu II. \u0160eit dz\u012bvojis un str\u0101d\u0101jis ar\u012b Sta\u0146islavs Lems, Krakovas kult\u016bras \u0161\u016bpul\u012b skolojies K\u0161i\u0161tofs Pendereckis. J\u0101, gandr\u012bz piemirsu. Da Vin\u010di \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb atrodas \u010cartorijsku muzej\u0101, un str\u012bdiem par gleznas identit\u0101ti punktu pieliku\u0161i amerik\u0101\u0146i 1992. gad\u0101, atrodot uz audekla Leonardo da Vin\u010di pirkstu nospiedumus. – 2000.09.05\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Edmunds Im\u0161a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-21T02:21:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-02T09:23:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1125\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"771\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jauns6591@gmail.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jauns6591@gmail.com\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978\",\"name\":\"Krakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-21T02:21:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-02T09:23:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e16d3d6969be70783146779d814339dd\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png\",\"width\":1125,\"height\":771},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Krakova –\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/\",\"name\":\"Edmunds Im\u0161a\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e16d3d6969be70783146779d814339dd\",\"name\":\"jauns6591@gmail.com\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57c02e9fe1412425bb237f9fc9bf813c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57c02e9fe1412425bb237f9fc9bf813c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"jauns6591@gmail.com\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Krakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Krakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a","og_description":"Krakova – po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta Edmunds Im\u0161a – R\u012bgas Balss Ja Krakova b\u016btu j\u0101raksturo vien\u0101 teikum\u0101, es sac\u012btu, ka t\u0101 ir klusa un burv\u012bga po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta, kur\u0101 atrodas viena no slaven\u0101kaj\u0101m Leonardo da Vin\u010di glezn\u0101m \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb. \u0160\u0101ds teikums par Krakovu, protams, var ien\u0101kt pr\u0101t\u0101 tikai \u0101rzemniekam. Lai piedod man po\u013ci, kuri noteikti uzskata, ka Krakova ir Polijas \u0161\u016bpulis, galva un sirdsapzi\u0146a. K\u0101 nu ne – Krakova ir bijusi galvaspils\u0113ta l\u012bdz 16. gadsimta beig\u0101m, tie\u0161i taj\u0101 laik\u0101, kad Polija uzplauka un k\u013cuva par varenu lielvalsti. Po\u013cu karav\u012bri 17. gadsimt\u0101 sasita lupat\u0101s turkus, kuri k\u0101rt\u0113jo reizi milzu karap\u016b\u013cos dev\u0101s iekarot un izlaup\u012bt Eiropu, vair\u0101kk\u0101rt nopietni sak\u0101va v\u0101cu ordeni, kur\u0161 par labu Polijai atsac\u012bj\u0101s no Livonijas. Te nu ar\u012b Latvijas liktenis, jo Latvijas teritorija bija Livonijas sast\u0101vda\u013ca. Polijas v\u0113sture ir patie\u0161\u0101m varon\u012bga un apbr\u012bnas v\u0113rta. P\u0113d\u0113jo un iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgo reizi Polija gl\u0101ba Eiropu 1920. gad\u0101, sakaujot Sarkano armiju, kas lauz\u0101s uz Var\u0161avu, un pagl\u0101ba Eiropu no komunisma murgain\u0101 eksperimenta. Bet v\u0113sture ir tas, kas ir bijis, jo tagad, v\u0113rojot Poliju, \u0161\u0137iet, ka po\u013ci atdusas uz pag\u0101tnes lauriem un vi\u0146iem \u00abviss jau ir pag\u0101jis\u00bb, atst\u0101jot tikai atmi\u0146as par k\u0101dreiz\u0113jo lielvalsti un lielas n\u0101cijas apzi\u0146u. \u00abBr\u012bvlai\u0161anu\u00bb no padomijas po\u013ci ir ieguvu\u0161i sal\u012bdzino\u0161i nesen, ta\u010du vi\u0146u ieguld\u012bjums padomju bloka sagr\u0101v\u0113 ir nenoliedzams, atceroties kaut vai \u00abSolidarit\u0101ti\u00bb un nebeidzamo dumpo\u0161anos, ko sekm\u0113ja komunismam sve\u0161\u0101s kato\u013cu bazn\u012bcas trad\u012bcijas. Tagad po\u013ci ir br\u012bvi, tom\u0113r valst\u012b ir daudz probl\u0113mu. N\u0101kotnes dal\u012bba transatlantiskaj\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s \u0161\u0137iet daudzsolo\u0161a, ta\u010du maci\u0146\u0101 naudas t\u0101p\u0113c vair\u0101k nerodas. Pastaig\u0101jot pa iel\u0101m, p\u0101r\u0146em saj\u016bta, ka po\u013ciem piem\u012bt neliels mazv\u0113rt\u012bbas komplekss. Tom\u0113r apkalpo\u0161anas kult\u016bra pre\u010du un naudas attiec\u012bb\u0101s, lai gan pagausa, tom\u0113r ir piekl\u0101j\u012bga un neuzb\u0101z\u012bga. To pa\u0161u var teikt ar\u012b par attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp cilv\u0113kiem – vai varat iedom\u0101ties situ\u0101ciju R\u012bg\u0101, kad tramvajs apst\u0101jas pie g\u0101j\u0113ju p\u0101rejas, lai dotu ce\u013cu da\u017eiem d\u012bkdien\u012bgiem t\u016bristiem? Nevarat? Bet Krakov\u0101 t\u0101 ir realit\u0101te. Un vakaros, pastaig\u0101joties pa pils\u0113tu, p\u0101r\u0146em d\u012bvaina dro\u0161\u012bbas saj\u016bta – glu\u017ei k\u0101 Rietumeirop\u0101, kur cilv\u0113ki, klai\u0146odami \u0161urpu turpu, neraiz\u0113jas par to, ka aiz k\u0101da st\u016bra dab\u016bs pa degunu, iesp\u0113jams, ar personisk\u0101s mantas konfisk\u0101ciju. \u00a0Krakovai ir bag\u0101ta un slavena pag\u0101tne. Le\u0123endas st\u0101sta par pils\u0113tas dibin\u0101t\u0101ju karali Kraku, vi\u0146a br\u012bnumskaisto meitu Vandu, kas nav v\u0113l\u0113jusies prec\u0113ties ar v\u0101cu princi un n\u0101vi upes \u016bde\u0146os uzskat\u012bjusi par lab\u0101ku esam. Viduslaikos Krakova bijusi Kazimira Liel\u0101 un Jagelo\u0146u dinastijas s\u0113deklis, no \u0161ejienes kara\u013ci \u00abdiri\u0123\u0113ju\u0161i\u00bb bezmaz pusi Eiropas, un vi\u0146u laik\u0101 br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgi uzplaukusi viduslaiku arhitekt\u016bra. Grandiozi, smalki un gaum\u012bgi arhitekt\u016bras pieminek\u013ci Krakov\u0101 ir teju uz katra st\u016bra. Tos projekt\u0113ju\u0161i Fran\u010desko Florent\u012bno, Bartolomeo Bere\u010di, \u017dans Marija Padovano, bet v\u0113l\u0101k, 16. gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113, Santi Gu\u010di. Visskaist\u0101k\u0101 baroka celtne Rietumeirop\u0101 Sigismunda kapela atrodas tie\u0161i Krakovas pils\u0113tas cietoksn\u012b. P\u0113c 1569. gada, kad izveidoj\u0101s Polijas un Lietuvas valstu apvien\u012bba, Krakovas uzplaukums pamaz\u0101m aps\u012bka. Palielin\u0101j\u0101s centra pils\u0113tas – Var\u0161avas loma, un karalis Sigismunds III (1587 – 1632) nol\u0113ma p\u0101rvietot Polijas galvaspils\u0113tu tur, kur t\u0101 atrodas v\u0113l \u0161obaltdien. Tom\u0113r Krakovas cietoksn\u012b joproj\u0101m norisin\u0101j\u0101s pompozas kara\u013cu kron\u0113\u0161anas ceremonijas. Mazliet v\u0113l\u0101k, p\u0113c uzplaukuma ieelpas, sekoja izelpa un pagrimums: Polija bija p\u0101r\u0101k nov\u0101jin\u0101ta, iesaistoties c\u012b\u0146\u0101s par Livonijas mantojumu. 1655. gad\u0101 Krakovu pirmoreiz izlaup\u012bja \u0101rzemju karasp\u0113ks. Tie bija zviedri. V\u0113l\u0101k pils\u0113t\u0101 iebruku\u0161i ar\u012b austrie\u0161i, pr\u016b\u0161i un krievi. 1795. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Polijas k\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s sadales un p\u0101rdales Krakova un t\u0101s apk\u0101rtne k\u013cuva par Austrijas sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Po\u013ci, kas viduslaikos lepoj\u0101s ar neuzvaramu karasp\u0113ku, izmis\u012bgi pretoj\u0101s neizb\u0113gamajam – valsts izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anai. Tadeu\u0161s Kostju\u0161ko Krakovas tirgus laukum\u0101 s\u0101ka savu slaveno sacel\u0161anos, kuru apkaroja ne maz\u0101k slavenais karavadonis Suvorovs, nosl\u012bcinot asin\u012bs Poliju. J\u0101teic, ka Polij\u0101 cilv\u0113ki \u013coti, \u013coti nelabpr\u0101t run\u0101 krieviski. P\u0101r\u0101k daudz \u013cauna Krievija nodar\u012bjusi Polijai gadsimtu gait\u0101, piedaloties t\u0101s teritorijas sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un cen\u0161oties p\u0101rkrievot iedz\u012bvot\u0101jus. Tagad jaunie krakovie\u0161i angliski un v\u0101ciski cen\u0161as run\u0101t, lai izmantotu s\u016bri gr\u016bti kr\u0101t\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas, tom\u0113r labas sve\u0161valodu zin\u0101\u0161anas Polij\u0101 bie\u017ei nesastapsiet. Vislab\u0101k \u0101rzemniekam ir apg\u016bt da\u017eus v\u0101rdus poliski. \u0160o valodu po\u013ci tom\u0113r saprot vislab\u0101k. Universit\u0101te Krakov\u0101 dibin\u0101ta jau 1340. gad\u0101. Taj\u0101 m\u0101c\u012bju\u0161ies daudzi slaveni zin\u0101tnieki, pa\u0161u Nikolaju Koperniku ieskaitot. M\u016bsdien\u0101s Krakovas intelektu\u0101\u013cu aprind\u0101s, b\u016bdams kato\u013cu b\u012bskaps un v\u0113l\u0101k kardin\u0101ls, uztur\u0113jies Karols Vojtila, kur\u0161 likte\u0146a gait\u0101 k\u013cuva par Romas p\u0101vestu J\u0101ni P\u0101vilu II. \u0160eit dz\u012bvojis un str\u0101d\u0101jis ar\u012b Sta\u0146islavs Lems, Krakovas kult\u016bras \u0161\u016bpul\u012b skolojies K\u0161i\u0161tofs Pendereckis. J\u0101, gandr\u012bz piemirsu. Da Vin\u010di \u00abD\u0101ma ar sermuli\u0146u\u00bb atrodas \u010cartorijsku muzej\u0101, un str\u012bdiem par gleznas identit\u0101ti punktu pieliku\u0161i amerik\u0101\u0146i 1992. gad\u0101, atrodot uz audekla Leonardo da Vin\u010di pirkstu nospiedumus. – 2000.09.05","og_url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978","og_site_name":"Edmunds Im\u0161a","article_published_time":"2024-07-21T02:21:55+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-02T09:23:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1125,"height":771,"url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"jauns6591@gmail.com","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"jauns6591@gmail.com","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978","url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978","name":"Krakova -\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta - Edmunds Im\u0161a","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png","datePublished":"2024-07-21T02:21:55+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-02T09:23:07+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e16d3d6969be70783146779d814339dd"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18.png","width":1125,"height":771},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?p=1978#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Krakova –\u00a0 po\u013cu nostal\u0123ijas pils\u0113ta"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/","name":"Edmunds Im\u0161a","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e16d3d6969be70783146779d814339dd","name":"jauns6591@gmail.com","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57c02e9fe1412425bb237f9fc9bf813c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57c02e9fe1412425bb237f9fc9bf813c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"jauns6591@gmail.com"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com"],"url":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1978"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2335,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions\/2335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edmundsimsa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}